Hydrogen Nanobots Successfully Treat Radiation Gut Damage in Mice
- Authors
- Xianggui Yin, Changfen Bi, Yuanfang Chen, Xueyin Hu, Guangyou Shi, Shuqin Li, Wen Zhang, Longbo Ma, Saijun Fan, Luntao Liu
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Year
- 2025
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41467-025-64270-9
- Study Type
- Mouse
- Outcome
- Positive
- Peer Reviewed
- Yes
- Country
- China
- Health Condition
- Radiation Enteritis
- Body System
- Digestive
TL;DR
Hydrogen-releasing nanomachines penetrate the gut barrier and relieve radiation enteritis via antioxidant and microbiota-modulating effects.
Key Finding
In a mouse model, hydrogenated molybdenum oxide nanoparticles that release active hydrogen showed superior effectiveness at treating radiation-induced intestinal damage by delivering hydrogen directly to injury sites and promoting tissue repair.
Summary
Radiation therapy for pelvic and abdominal cancers damages the intestines in over 90% of patients, primarily through creating harmful molecules called reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Researchers developed a drinkable nanoparticle (tiny particle) treatment coated with alginate and chitosan that releases active hydrogen directly into the intestines. In mice with radiation-induced intestinal damage, this treatment penetrated the intestinal mucus barrier, stayed in the intestines longer, and reduced harmful molecules while promoting healing through multiple mechanisms including reducing inflammation and restoring beneficial gut bacteria.
Practical Takeaway
While this early-stage mouse study suggests hydrogen delivery via nanoparticles may help protect intestines from radiation therapy damage, it is not yet tested in humans. The findings are preliminary and much more research—including human clinical trials—would be needed before this approach could be considered for cancer patients. Current radiation enteritis treatments should continue to be discussed with oncologists.
Abstract
Radiation enteritis, affecting over 90% of pelvic/abdominal radiotherapy patients, is primarily caused by radiation-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Active hydrogens, with broad-spectrum RONS scavenging ability, show radioprotective potential but face delivery challenges due to the intestinal mucus barrier and short lifespan. Here, we show drinkable, self-thermophoretic sodium alginate/chitosan oligosaccharide-coated hydrogenated molybdenum oxide nanomachines (HxMoO3@SA@COSs) that exhibit near-infrared (NIR)-driven directional motility and sustained active hydrogen release. In a male mouse model of radiation enteritis, HxMoO3@SA@COSs overcome the mucus barrier, prolong intestinal retention, and deliver active hydrogen to injury sites, enabling precise enteritis therapy. Beyond RONS scavenging, the released hydrogen induces anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, increases goblet cell abundance, and modulates gut microbiota, promoting intestinal repair. This hydrogen-based, drug-free strategy demonstrates superior efficacy in treating radiation enteritis.