Hydrogen Water Protects Brain After Traumatic Injury in Mice
- Authors
- Kenji Dohi, Brian C. Kraemer, Michelle A. Erickson, Pamela J. McMillan, Andrej Kovac, Zuzana Flachbartova, Kim M. Hansen, Gul N. Shah, Nader Sheibani, Therese Salameh, William A. Banks
- Journal
- PLoS One
- Year
- 2014
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0108034
- Study Type
- Mouse
- Outcome
- Positive
- Peer Reviewed
- Yes
- Country
- United States
- Health Condition
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Body System
- Nervous System
TL;DR
Drinking water infused with molecular hydrogen can significantly reduce brain damage and improve recovery after a traumatic brain injury.
Key Finding
In mice with traumatic brain injury, drinking water containing molecular hydrogen reduced brain swelling by approximately 50% and completely blocked the expression of pathological tau protein, a hallmark of neurodegeneration.
Summary
This mouse study tested whether drinking water containing molecular hydrogen (a gas with antioxidant properties) could protect the brain after traumatic injury. Researchers induced controlled brain injuries in mice and gave some of them hydrogen-enriched water to drink. The hydrogen water reduced brain swelling by about half, prevented harmful changes to a protein called tau, and restored several other molecular markers of brain damage that normally increase after injury.
Practical Takeaway
While these results are promising, this is an animal study in mice—not humans—so it's too early to know if hydrogen water would have the same protective effects in people with brain injuries. The findings suggest molecular hydrogen may warrant further investigation as a potential treatment for traumatic brain injury, but human clinical trials would be needed before any health recommendations could be made.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in its various forms has emerged as a major problem for modern society. Acute TBI can transform into a chronic condition and be a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, probably through induction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Here, we examined the ability of the antioxidant molecular hydrogen given in drinking water (molecular hydrogen water; mHW) to alter the acute changes induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI), a commonly used experimental model of TBI. We found that mHW reversed CCI-induced edema by about half, completely blocked pathological tau expression, accentuated an early increase seen in several cytokines but attenuated that increase by day 7, reversed changes seen in the protein levels of aquaporin-4, HIF-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9, but not for amyloid beta peptide 1-40 or 1-42. Treatment with mHW also reversed the increase seen 4 h after CCI in gene expression related to oxidation/carbohydrate metabolism, cytokine release, leukocyte or cell migration, cytokine transport, ATP and nucleotide binding. Finally, we found that mHW preserved or increased ATP levels and propose a new mechanism for mHW, that of ATP production through the Jagendorf reaction. These results show that molecular hydrogen given in drinking water reverses many of the sequelae of CCI and suggests that it could be an easily administered, highly effective treatment for TBI.