Hydrogen Therapy Helps Rare Autoimmune Disease Patient After Drug Failures

Authors
Journal
In Vivo
Year
DOI
10.21873/invivo.14221
Study Type
Human
Outcome
Positive
Peer Reviewed
Yes
Country
Taiwan
Health Condition
Rhupus Syndrome
Body System
Immune System

TL;DR

Hydrogen capsule therapy improved immune balance and reduced disease activity in a patient with severe autoimmune overlap syndrome resistant to standard treatments.

Key Finding

A patient with treatment-resistant Rhupus syndrome showed significant clinical improvement and reduced inflammation markers after adding oral molecular hydrogen therapy to his existing medications, with sustained disease control and ability to discontinue prednisone.

Summary

This case report describes a single patient with Rhupus syndrome—a rare overlap condition combining rheumatoid arthritis and lupus—who had severe reactions to multiple standard medications. When molecular hydrogen (H2) capsules were added to his existing treatment in October 2023, his disease improved significantly, with blood markers normalizing and his steroid dose reduced to zero. The improvement was sustained over the following months.

Practical Takeaway

This is a single case report, not a controlled study, so it cannot prove that hydrogen therapy caused the improvement or that it will work for others with similar conditions. While the patient's response is noteworthy, early evidence from one case is not sufficient to recommend hydrogen therapy as a standard treatment. Much larger and more rigorous studies would be needed before drawing conclusions about its effectiveness for autoimmune diseases.

Abstract

Background/aim: Rhupus syndrome, an overlap of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is a rare condition characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations and difficult management. Conventional therapies, including glucocorticoids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), immunosuppressants, and biologics, are often limited by drug intolerance and steroid-related complications. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a potential adjuvant therapy due to its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. This report aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of H2 as an adjunct to rituximab in a patient with refractory Rhupus and multiple drug intolerances. Case report: We report a 47-year-old male with a 27-year history of rheumatoid arthritis, who subsequently developed systemic lupus erythematosus, fulfilling criteria for Rhupus syndrome. His disease course was complicated by multiple drug intolerances, including adverse reactions to methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, leflunomide, and rituximab at standard dosing. Despite reduced-dose rituximab and mycophenolic acid, disease activity persisted and lupus nephritis was confirmed. In October 2023, oral molecular hydrogen capsule therapy was initiated as adjuvant treatment, resulting in significant clinical improvement, which was paralleled by characteristic changes in T- and B-cell subsets, normalization of anti-dsDNA antibody, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and complement levels, and successful discontinuation of prednisone. Hydrogen therapy was well tolerated without major adverse effects. The patient developed avascular necrosis from prior corticosteroid use but recovered well after hip arthroplasty in January 2025. Disease control was sustained with mycophenolic acid and continued hydrogen therapy. Conclusion: This case suggests molecular hydrogen therapy as a potential adjuvant for refractory Rhupus with multiple drug intolerances, showing immune modulation, reduced inflammation, steroid withdrawal, and sustained control with low-dose rituximab. Further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and standardize its use.