Hydrogen Gas Reduces Fatty Liver Disease in Metabolic Syndrome Study

Authors
Journal
Molecular Medicine Reports
Year
DOI
10.3892/mmr.2020.11364
Study Type
Rat
Outcome
Positive
Peer Reviewed
Yes
Country
China
Health Condition
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Body System
Hepatic

TL;DR

Breathing in hydrogen gas can help reduce the symptoms of fatty liver disease caused by a high-fat and sugar diet in rats.

Key Finding

Hydrogen gas inhalation reduced liver fat accumulation and improved metabolic markers in rats with diet-induced fatty liver disease, with stronger effects at higher hydrogen concentrations.

Summary

Researchers gave rats a high-fat, high-sugar diet to create fatty liver disease, then had some rats breathe in hydrogen gas while others breathed regular air for 10 weeks. Rats that inhaled hydrogen gained less weight, had lower blood sugar levels, and developed less fat buildup in their livers compared to rats breathing regular air. The protective effect increased with higher hydrogen concentrations, suggesting a dose-dependent relationship.

Practical Takeaway

This is an early-stage animal study showing hydrogen inhalation may help protect against fatty liver disease in rats. However, results from animal models do not automatically translate to humans, and this study does not tell us whether hydrogen would be effective or safe for people with fatty liver disease. Human clinical trials would be needed before drawing any conclusions about potential health benefits.

Abstract

Hydrogen exhibits therapeutic and preventive effects against various diseases. The present study investigated the potential protective effect and dose‑dependent manner of hydrogen inhalation on high fat and fructose diet (HFFD)‑induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Sprague‑Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: i) Control group, regular diet/air inhalation; ii) model group, HFFD/air inhalation; iii) low hydrogen group, HFFD/4% hydrogen inhalation; and iv) high hydrogen group, HFFD/67% hydrogen inhalation. After a 10‑week experiment, hydrogen inhalation ameliorated weight gain, abdominal fat index, liver index and body mass index of rats fed with HFFD and lowered the total area under the curve in an oral glucose tolerance test. Hydrogen inhalation also ameliorated the increase in liver lipid content and alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities. Liver histopathologic changes evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin as well as Oil Red O staining revealed lower lipid deposition in hydrogen inhalation groups, consistent with the decrease in the expression of the lipid synthesis gene SREBP‑1c. The majority of the indicators were affected following treatment with hydrogen in a dose‑dependent manner. In conclusion, hydrogen inhalation may play a protective role by influencing the general state, lipid metabolism parameters, liver histology and liver function indicators in the rat model of metabolic syndrome with NAFLD.