Hydrogen and Other Gases Show Promise as New Cancer Treatments
- Authors
- Yuan-Zhe Jing, Shu-Jin Li, Zhi-Jun Sun
- Journal
- Journal of Materials Chemistry B
- Year
- 2021
- DOI
- 10.1039/d1tb01661j
- Study Type
- clinical
- Peer Reviewed
- Yes
- Country
- China
- Health Condition
- Cancer
- Body System
- Immune System
TL;DR
Scientists discovered that certain gases like hydrogen and nitric oxide can kill cancer cells and boost the immune system to fight tumors, and tiny nanoparticles can deliver these gases directly to cancer sites, making cancer treatment more effective with fewer side effects.
Key Finding
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Summary
Researchers analyzed the potential of gas therapy for cancer treatment, focusing on hydrogen (H2), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These therapeutic gases work by directly targeting cancer cell mitochondria and nuclei to trigger cell death, while also improving immune system function in the tumor environment. The review highlights advances in nanotechnology that enable precise delivery and controlled release of these gases. When combined with conventional cancer therapies, gas treatments may reduce side effects and improve treatment effectiveness, representing a promising new approach to cancer care.
Abstract
Gas therapy is the usage of certain gases with special therapeutic effects for the treatment of diseases. Hydrogen (H2), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) acting as gas signalling molecules are representative gases in cancer therapy. They act directly on mitochondria or nuclei to lead to cell apoptosis. They can also alleviate immuno-suppression in the tumour microenvironment and promote phenotype conversion of tumour-associated macrophages. Moreover, the combination of gas therapy and other traditional therapy methods can reduce side effects and improve therapeutic efficacy. Here, we discuss the roles of NO, CO, H2S and H2 in cancer biology. Considering the rapidly developing nanotechnology, gas-generating nanoplatforms which can achieve targeted delivery and controlled release were also discussed. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and future opportunities of gas-based cancer therapy.